COPD results from damage to the lungs over many years.

COPD affects both men and women. The average Canadian with COPD is 65 years old and has a long history of smoking. However, COPD can be diagnosed in patients as young as 40.

COPD almost always results from smoking. Not all smokers will develop COPD. Only 10-15% of heavy smokers will develop COPD. It is still unknown why.

COPD can also result from occupational exposure. Exposure to chemical fumes and organic dusts such as grain, cotton, or wood or mining dusts can contribute to COPD.

COPD does not appear to be caused by air pollution for non-smokers. For smokers, air pollution can contribute to the development of COPD. It can lead to more severe COPD for smokers.

COPD may be more likely to occur in children who develop respiratory symptoms due to viral or bacterial infections.

Symptoms of COPD

Progression of COPD